PJB PJB:
History question for ya..
Which country was the first to be populated by Europeans?
A. Canada
B. The United States
C. Mexico
If by “European” you mean culturally and temporally, not necessarily geographically or ethnically (that would eliminate Kennewick controversy and other Paleo-Indian fossil debates) then Viking settlements represent the best-documented (read: archaeologically verified and that eliminates St. Brendan) “settlement” in North American, or Canada – specifically L’Anse aux Meadows ca. 1008 BCE.
If you mean, “populated” as in “colonization” or permanent settlement or inhabitants then Cortes’ Mexico invasion (and subsequent war with Moctezuma produced Spanish settlements) began in 1519. Cartier’s first true attempt French settlement in 1541 probably represents the closest thing to answering your question – and Champlain’s Port Royal beachhead (1605) and Quebec (1608) represent the truest colonization attempts (in addition to Virginia in 1607).
So, a quick summary:
1. First Populated Country: in simplest terms, "Canada" by Norse in 1008 ca. BCE (that dismisses current debate over Kennewick)
2. First Settlements: Mexico by Cortes – Columbus reached major landfall in Caribbean and Central American and question asked for specifically Canada, United States or Mexico. St. Augustine does not predate Cortes’ settlements in Mexico. A bad example of American-centric thinking.
3. First Colonization – New Spain – ca. 1525 – that also predates St. Augustine.